This is for informational purposes only. For medical advice or diagnosis, consult a professional.
🐝🦋 Popular pollinator attractor
▷ IDENTIFICATION🔍
Common Name: Sweet Potato
Botanical Name: Ipomea batatas
Family: Morning Glory family (Convolvulaceae)
Herbaceous perennial vine for Zones 9 to 11
PRECAUTION: People having allergies is uncommon. High in carbohydrates, could rapidly raise blood sugar. Consult a healthcare professional about type 2 diabetes. See section “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION > Animal Toxicity and Medicine Interactions”.
▷ LOOKALIKES 🏷️
Lookalikes 🔎
◦ Morning Glory (Ipomea spp.): Foliage has similar heart shaped leaves with fragrant, vivid flowers. The roots grown are appear similar to sweet potatoes, however are toxic to people and animals.
◦ Moon Vine (Ipomea alba): Fragrant, white flowers are different, however the large heart-shaped leaves are similar.
◦ Grape Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia): The triangular shape of the leaves is slightly similar.
▷ APPEARANCE 🪞
Plant Description🌿🗒️
Vine or ground cover grown as an annual or perennial. Leaves are ovate-cordate in shape, or heart shaped, with prominent palmate venation, either green or purple in hue, depending on the variety. Stems are fast growing and may reach 10′ to 15′, and exclude a white sap when damaged. Flowers are tubular, 3⁄8″ to 5⁄8″ length, with a funnel-shaped crown 1 1⁄2″ to 2 3⁄4″ diameter, grow singly, and are light pink, light purple, or white. Roots are sweet and starchy, usually 3″ to 9″ length and 1 ¾” to 3 ½” diameter. Sweet potato tubers vary in hue depending on the variety and may have a brown exterior with orange interior, purple exterior with purple interior, or brown or red exterior with a white interior.
Dimensions, Root Depth, and Spacing 📏↔️
Height: 6″ to 12″
Width: 10″ to 15″
Root Depth: 12″ to 18″ deep; Ideal minimum container size 40 gallons. Larger containers allow plants to grow taller and wider!
Spacing: Smaller varieties space 6″ to 12″ apart; Large varieties space 2′ apart
Flower Season and Fruit or Seed 🌻🍎🫘
Flower: Light pink, light purple, or white from Spring to Summer
Seed: Small, round, brown or black (depending on the variety), best propagated rooted cuttings
▷ REPRODUCTION🌱
Sexuality: Hermaphroditic
Pollination: Bees, butterflies, and other beneficial pollinators
Growth Rate: Fast
Propagation:
◦ Layering: Select a thick stem that is long enough to lay in nearby container of soil. Remove leaves from the middle section of the stem, this part of the stem will be planted carefully and directly into the soil while still attached to the plant. Water as is necessary to keep soil consistently moist, especially during the Summer. Roots should form on the buried stem in a month, and may thereafter be cut and replanted into individual pots.
◦ Roots: (See “Cuttings” below for best way to grow sweet potatoes. Planting a potato whole instead of cuttings causes the potato to develop an elaborate root system for the individual plant, rather than producing many large potatoes from the rooted cuttings.) A healthy, organic, unblemished sweet potato will sprout in lit rooms and dark pantries. Plant the entire potato 6″ deep when temperatures have reached 65°F.
◦ Cuttings: From a sprouting sweet potato, carefully remove the sprouts by twisting them off at the base and plant them 2″ deep in well drained soil in seeds starter pots. Cuttings may be taken from a sweet potato plant to start new plants as well. Protect the new plant by placing it in partial sun or under a grow light until it has matured, avoiding direct sun. Allow the cuttings to develop roots for 6 weeks. Propagate by planting in the Spring when temperatures have reached 65°F, either by adding to a very large container or to a garden bed, planting the rooted cuttings 12″ to 18″ apart in rows 3′ apart.
Seed Germination: Cold stratification for seeds either dry or in a moist environment in the fridge for 30 days may speed up germination. Soil pH 5.5 to 6.5 at preferably 65°F to 75°F, kept moist, however not wet or dry. Plant 2″ to 3″ deep, emerges 7 to 18 days after being sown. Germination rate of 25% to 50% (depending on producer).
Indoor Planting: Root cuttings for 6 weeks prior to transplanting outside 10 weeks after last frost date.
Outdoor Planting: Plant seed 10 weeks after last frost date.
▷ REQUIREMENTS❤️
Sunlight, Water, Fertilizer, and Pruning ☀️💧✂️
Sunlight: Prefers 8 hours to 10 hours full sun during the growing season; Minimum 6 hours full sun each day, tolerates partial shade
Note: Avoid aerial watering, which encourages fungal growth and disease.
Outdoor Watering: Water regularly during Summer (every 2 to 3 days) and less frequently in the Winter (once a week). Tiny pots and K-cup seed starters need water every day during Summer and every 2 days during Winter. Small pots require watering more often, especially if exposed to full sun, while large pots and shaded pots need less water.
Indoor Watering: Deep and infrequent, allowing for soil to dry on the top layer prior to more water.
Drought Resistance: Drought tolerant once established. Water regularly to produce healthy, full size sweet potato roots.
Fertilizer: At the start of the growing season, apply fertilizer every 2 weeks to 6 weeks. Scatter evenly at the base of plants, avoiding clumps of fertilizer and preventing contact with stems and leaves. Large clumps of fertilizer won’t evenly supplement nutrients into the entire soil surface after it mixes with water from rain or irrigation. Fertilizer clumps may cause stems and foliage to rot or contact burns, which could damage or kill the plant. Do not throw fertilizer over plant tops, as the clumps of fertilizer caught in between leaf nodes and on foliage may either burn or rot the foliage. Adding fertilizer evenly at the base of the plants is the best way to fertilize.
Pruning: Avoid pruning during Winter as it may kill the plant. This same rule applies for the Fall in northern climates. Remove withered flowers, dead leaves, and leggy stems to enhance plant’s appearance. This also promotes new stems to appear with more leaves and flowers.
Soil, Planting, and Environment 🌄🏞️🏜️
Soil: Best grown in sandy loam. Nutrient rich soils that are heavy produce a higher yield with low quality sweet potato roots, while nutrient lacking sandy soil produce lower yields and high quality sweet potato roots.
pH: 5.5 to 7.0
Planting: When planting a potted plant, dig a hole that’s as deep as the pot and as wide as the root base. For plants with wide roots, dig a hole that is twice the width of the pot and gently space out the root system and then cover with soil to promote healthy growth. Burying tangled roots could cause health issues or stunted growth. The soil should be gently pressed in or watered in to fill the air pockets, preventing soil from collapsing in when watering or raining. Unplanted roots add to the stress of plants and could cause health problems or diseases. Cover every root with soil and smooth the soil’s surface.
Habitat: Native to the tropical regions of Central and South America.
Temperature Preference and Temperature Tolerance🌡️
Temperature: Prefers 75°F to 95°F
Heat Tolerance: 100°F; Drought tolerant once established
Cold Tolerance: 30°F, Sensitive to frost. Mulch roots to retain water and to protect the root system from the cold during Winter in tropical environments.
Salt, Wind, and Pollution Tolerance 🧂💨 ☣️
Salt Tolerance: Low tolerance to intolerant
Wind Tolerance: Moderate tolerance
Pollution Tolerance: Moderate tolerance
▷ ADDITIONAL INFORMATION📚
Description 📝
Sweet potato plants are commonly cultivated in more than 100 countries for their edible tubers and are the fifth most popular crop in the world. Ornamental varieties are not as sizeable and sweet, however are also edible.
Attract and Repel Wildlife🐝🦋🐦🐌🪰🐇🦌
Attracts Deer and Rodents🦌🐇🐁
Attracts: Bees, butterflies, and other beneficial pollinators
Repels: Not applicable
Diseases and Pests🐜🦠
Note: Proper care keeps plants resilient and healthy, preventing diseases and pests. This list details the potential threats, specific diseases and pests vary depending on environmental climate.
Diseases:
◦ Bacterial stem and root rot: More common in storage than in fields, caused by the bacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi.
◦ Black rot: Circular, almost black spots appear on sweet potato roots.
◦ Fusarium root and stem rot: A dark tan rot that extends into the root, caused by fungi that can persist in the soil for a long time
◦ Fusarium wilt: A common disease caused by a seedborne fungus that stunted growth, wilting, or brown vascular tissues. Infected plants and seeds should be destroyed, and that family of plants shouldn’t be planted in the same area for 2 years to 3 years to prevent reinfection.
◦ Leaf Spot: Fungal infection that appears as small brown specks that can grow into larger lesions. These lesions are sometimes surrounded by yellow rings.
Pests:
◦ Armyworms
◦ Beetles
◦ Leafminers
◦ Snails and Slugs: They eat a wide variety of plants, including young seedlings, mature plants, and turfgrasses, and may cause damage to gardens and flower beds.
◦ Weevil Larvae
◦ Whiteflies: Flying insects that suck the sap from plants.
Animal Toxicity and Medicine Interactions ☠️❤️🩹
Animal Toxicity: Safe for dogs, cats, and horses.
ASPCA Website – Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants “Sweet Potato Vine”
Medicine Interactions:
Individuals may have a sensitivity or allergies to sweet potato, consult a healthcare professional first and proceed at own risk. People having allergies is uncommon. High in carbohydrates, could rapidly raise blood sugar. Consult a healthcare professional about type 2 diabetes.
Use and Harvest⚕️🌾
❗Never ingest essential oils, instead use organic fresh or dried herbs.
Use: Rich in carbohydrates, sugar, fiber, beta carotene (which the body converts into vitamin A), vitamins B1 (Thiamin), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B5 (pantothenic Acid), B6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin C, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and potassium.
◦ Leaves: The young leaves and shoots may be cooked like spinach, high in protein and vitamins. Stems are more fibrous, and while edible, not as palatable.
◦ Roots: A common root used across the world. Raw sweet potato may interfere with nutrient absorption and could cause stomach ache, use raw sweet potatoes sparingly for a sweet crunch in salads or grate for a garnish. Sweet potatoes are easier to digest when steamed, boiled, baked, stir fried, add to casseroles, desserts, and other recipes.
Benefits: Antioxidant (protects cells), anti-inflammatory, strengthens vision and immunity, regulates blood sugar, lowers cholesterol, and reduces weight.
Dosing: ½ sweet potato maximum each day provides beta carotene for the body to produce the suggested day’s value of vitamin A for adults. An entire sweet potato contains 214% suggested day’s value for vitamin A, which may cause hair loss and other health problems in excess.
Click Here for How To Harvest, Dry, and Properly Store Herbs and Seeds
Harvest: Never harvest more than 20% of a plant’s leaves or roots!
Harvest after planting within 3 to 4½ months.
◦ Leaves: Harvest while plants are young.
◦ Roots: Dig the roots up 3 o 4½ months after planting and gently wipe away dirt. Roots are barely sweet and may be used immediately for culinary use. Sweet potatoes require 5 to 7 days to cure and develop the sugars that make them taste sweet, not. Keep curing potatoes out of direct sunlight, in a well ventilated area with 85% to 90% humidity to prevent them from drying out with minimal temperatures of 80°F to 85°F. Create a humid environment by placing sweet potatoes in a single layer in a closed cardboard box to retain humidity in a warm, humid location. Plastic bags that have been perforated (holes punched in them) may also be used to maintain humidity. Store cured sweet potatoes in a cool, dry location, preferably at 55°F to 60°F with a humidity level of 60%, keeps fresh for 3 weeks to 5 weeks. Prevent other potatoes from spoiling by frequently checking stored sweet potatoes for signs of spoiling and remove roots that are molding or have soft spots.
◦ Seeds: Harvest the dry, light pink to dark red seed pods from Spring to Summer. Extract the seeds from the pods and follow harvesting techniques in the link above to extract and properly store the seeds.
Aroma, Flavor, and Culinary Combinations🧼🍴
Aroma: Flowers have no aroma, Roots have a sweet floral aroma
Flavor: Potatoes are either very sweet or mildly sweet, depending on the variety
Culinary Combinations: Sweet potato compliments herbs and spices (thyme, rosemary, oregano, cilantro, parsley, sage, cardamom, coriander, chives, ginger), quinoa, whole wheat enriched pasta, wild rice, beans (sugar snap peas, green beans, chickpeas [garbanzos], black, pinto), legumes (lentils, mung beans), tofu, tempeh, mushrooms, nuts (roasted cashews, almonds, walnuts, pecans, and pine nuts), vegetables (arugula, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Winter squash [pumpkin, butternut squash, acorn squash], Summer squash [zucchini, straightneck, and crookneck], red potato, white potato, eggplant, zucchini, garlic, lemongrass, bell pepper, carrot, beet, asparagus, brussels sprouts, radish, tomato, and cucumber), and fruits (avocado, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, apricot, mango, citrus [lemon and lime], and figs)
Click Here to explore a comprehensive list of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients with function explanations, deficiency or excess symptoms, and vegan food source rankings (high, medium, low)
History 📜
Sweet potato has been a food source for over 5,000 years, likely first cultivated in Peru as early as 2500 BCE. The name Ipomoea comes from the Ancient Greek words “ís”, meaning “woodworm”, and “hómoios“, meaning “resembling”, which refers to the plant’s the growth habit of the trailing vines.
Lifespan⏳
3 months to 7 months when harvested regularly for the roots. 2+ years longevity for life expectancy when permitted to grow without harvest.
